know the meanings of the words

Place upon         : require of

To herald            : to bring in

The dawn of       : the beginning of

Secular                : independent of religion

Follow in the footprints of    : be directed by

Spell                    : influence

Instantaneous     : in the moment

Surges        : rushes forward

Mighty     :   strong

Verbal       : spoken  

Bond             :   the state of being bound, tied up

Kindled        : awakened

Patriotism       :  love of the motherland

Profound        : deep and strong

Called on          -   visited

Insurrection     -taking political control with violence

Coined      - created

Rousing      -full of energy and enthusiasm

Comrades      - companions

Troops      -army

Patriotism      - devotion to the country

Posthumously    - after death.

Hospital English terms

English for Medicine


A doctor’s instructions to his patients:

• Come back on Tuesday for the dressing.
• Use this antiseptic cream on the abrasions.
• Tilt your head.
• Avoid exerting yourself too much.
• Take one capsule twice a day – one in the morning and one at bed-time – both before every meal.
• You should go to the lab, on an empty stomach for the test.
• Take two teaspoons of this syrup at night.
• Take a bland diet. Avoid hot, spicy food.
• Take half a tablet after every meal, three times a day.
• Lie down with your feet raised. You could use a pillow.
• Take one puff of this inhaler in the morning and one at night.

D. Writing

BE POSITIVE HOSPITAL DISCHARGE SUMMARY

Case Summary: Child admitted with H/o recurrent sore throat – fever – treated for tonsillitis each time – No ear discharge – Nasal stuffiness present – Admitted for Tonsillectomy
Examinations: Afebrile – comfortable – BP 120/70 mm. Hg –Pulse 82/mt. Reg. – Throat-no congestion
Operation Notes: Tonsillectomy – Under GA tonsillectomy done both sides fossa clear
Post Operative Course: Uneventful
Treatment Given: Syp. Chemotrin forte 2 tsp./bd Syp. Ultragin 2 tsp./tds Syp. Ostocalcium B12 2 tsp./bd
Condition on Discharge: Pt conscious Afebrile Pulse 92 mt No bleeding from oral cavity
Advised: Syp. Chemotrinforte 2 tsp./bd for 7 days Syp. Ultragin 2 tsp./tds
Diet Advised: 1st day – ice cream, rose milk, ice water 2nd day – biscuits, bread, tea, coffee, bournvita, horlicks, curd rice 3rd / 4th / 5th day- idli, rice kanji, curd rice, pongal, bread and biscuits 6th & 7th day – vegetable rice, green rice, dhal rice

No ‘hair wash’, no hot, spicy food – 15 days

Computer English terms

C. Reading

Task 1: What is the function of the operating system in a
computer? Discuss in groups of four.


Task 2: Read the following descriptions of various operating
systems, then answer the questions given.

Operating Systems:

MS DOS: This operating system was developed by Microsoft in 1981.
Today it’s used in old PC’s. Some basic DOS commands include -
DIR ( shows a list of all the files in a directory ), COPY (makes a
duplicate of a file ), DEL ( deletes files).
WINDOWS:Most home PCs use Windows.

With Windows 98, Internet access becomes part of the user interface.
The system includes Outlook Express for e-mail, NetMeeting
conferencing software, a chat programme and a Web-page editor.
Windows 2000 is designed for business uses.
Windows Millennium is designed for home use. It includes new system
safeguards and supports DVD, music players and mobile computers.
Windows XP is an update to all Windows versions, with a new visual
design. It’s more secure and reliable. It offers support for the latest
technologies.
POCKET PC This is developed for handheld computers (or palmtops)
that use a stylus or a small keyboard for input.
Mac OS The Mac OS combines the elegance of Macintosh and the
power of UNIX. The new Mac OS, offers Internet capabilities, support
for Java, and Airport technology for wireless connections.
OS/2Warp This is the PC world’s most technically sophisticated
operating system. It provides true multi-tasking, allowing a
programme to be divided into ‘threads’, many of which can run at
the same time. Thus, not only can numerous programmes run
simultaneously, but one programme can perform numerous tasks
at the same time.
UNIXThis OS, designed by Bell Laboratories for minicomputers and
workshops, has been widely adopted by many corporate installations.
From the very first, it was designed to be a multi-tasking System. It is
written in C language. Unix is the most commonly used system for
advanced CAD programs.
LINUX (Linus Torvalds) Protected under the GNU general public
licence, Linux is the open source, cooperatively-developed multitasking
operating system. Linux is used as a high value, fully
functional UNIX workstation for applications ranging from Internet
Servers to reliable work group computing.
SOLARIS This is a Unix based operating system developed by
Sun Microsystems. It supports multi-processing – many CPUs and
processes on a single system. It includes Java technology, which
allows Web pages to display animation, play music and interact
with information.

Which operating system do the following lines refer to?

1. This is the most secure and reliable version of the Windows
family ……………..
2. This system combines the elegance of Macintosh and the
power of UNIX .…………………..
3. This system was developed for computers that use a stylus
………………………….
4. This was designed for minicomputers ……………..
5. This system is now used in old PCs …………………
6. This system includes new system safeguards and supports
DVD, music players and mobile computers
.……………………..
7. This system was designed as a multi-tasking system and is
written in C language ……………………
8. This system can run not only several programs simultaneously, but
also enables each program to perform numerous tasks at the same
time ………………

Task 3: Several Acronyms have been used in the given text.
Work with a partner and make a list. Then say what
each Acronym stands for. Ask your Computer teacher
to help you with the words you don’t know.

English Glossary - Learn new words

Glossary:

razor sharp : clever
packed : fit into limited time
fuss : worry
excerpt : part / passage taken from a book
streamlining : making more efficient by simplifying
threat : indication of harm, danger, pain
contender : rival
stringer : a part-time journalist
correspondent : a person employed by a newspaper to send
reports
surplus : amount in excess
inched : moved very slowly in small steps
outclassed : surpassed in quality
broadcast : to transmit or radio/television
sporting : fair.just
sellout : all tickets sold
staged : performed a show
punishing form : in perfect form
scarcely : hardly
fine leg : a fielding position (oblique to and behind
the wicket)
ropes : boundary line
boundary : marked limit of a playing area
mission : specific task / duly assigned to a person /
group
full toss : a ball that reaches the batsman without
bouncing
sweep : to play a ball (butting technique)
boom : prosper vigorously
pundit : an expert
cyber : indicatingcomputers
e-zine : electronic (online) magazine
decade : ten years
allied : related
flexible : adaptable
online : internet while it is operating/ functioning
fm radio : frequency modulation radio
evolving : changing
relevant : applicable
commerciall : profitable / marketable
medium : means ofcommunicationthat reach large
numbers of people such as television.
newspapers and radio
 impact : force
dormant : undeveloped
hushed : quiet
ceremonial : traditional/ritual
flavour : essence /zest
culminate : end/close
parade : procession/display
reverence : respect/admiration

Glossary - Legal English - court, lawyer

Glossary:

paralegal : a person not fully qualified as a lawyer, but trained in subsidiary legal matters

suit : claim or dispute brought to a law court for adjudication

injunction : a judicial order either restraining action or compelling it

interim prayer : request for interim order

affidavit : a written statement confirmed by oath, for use as evidence in court

prima facie : accepted as so until proved otherwise

status quo : the existing state of affairs

infringement : violation of a law; encroachment on a right

fundamental rights : rights given to us by the constitution

mandamus certiorari : a writ issued by a court to a statutory authority directing it (to perform its
public duty.

summons : an order to appear in a law court (Note: summons - singular- summonses - plural)

Glossary about consumer market

Glossary

consumer : one who buys goods or services for one’s
own use

conform : adhere

consumer activists : those who work for the rights of
consumers

quality certification : stating officially that something conforms
to standards

authentication : being true or real

spurious products : goods that are false and not what they
appear to be

flood the market : available for sale in large numbers

gullible consumer : a buyer who is easily deceived
easy on the purse : cheap

multinational : (of a business) functioning in several
countries

MNC : Multinational company

replica : look-alike; that which resembles the
original

bar-coded : marked with a small rectangle of thick and
thin black lines, printed on food wrappers,
book covers, etc., allowing a computer to
read information about the item, such as
price, etc.

glossier : brighter with more shine
mandatory : compulsory

brand name : the name by which a particular product is
sold

General English Glossary

acoustics : the way in which the structural characteristics

of a building or room affect the qualities of

musical or spoken sound that is heard in it

cityscape : a large scene of a city

choir : organised group of singers

check in : register as a guest in a hotel or as a passenger

on a plane

clinch : confirm or settle something finally

collision : crash

cruise : aircraft travelling at moderate speed efficiently

using fuel

dissertation : a long essay on a particular subject

diversion : alternative route for use by traffic when the

usual road is temporarily closed

dribbling : moving the ball forward with repeated slight

touches

embezzlement : instance of using money in one’s care in a

wrong way to benefit one’s self

emission : sending out or giving

en route : French for ‘from ….. to ……’

equestrian : of horse riding

gallery : room or building for showing works of art

googly : ball bowled as if to turn in a particular

direction after bouncing that actually turns the

other way

Grand Prix : any of the series of races for the international

motor-racing championships

histrionic : of acting or the theatre

hurdles : race in which there are a series of upright

frames to be jumped over

lethal : causing or able to cause death

lounge : waiting room in the airport

mesmerised : hold the attention of someone completely

miniature : very small detailed picture

mural : painting done on a wall

nuance : subtle difference in meaning, colour, feeling,

etc.

obituary : a printed notice of a person’s death

orchestra : a group of people playing various musical

instruments together

origami : a Japanese art of folding paper in various forms

ovation : great applause or cheering to express welcome

or approval

papier-mâché : moulded paper pulp used for making various

objects

penalty : disadvantage imposed on a player for breaking

a rule

pentathlon : athletic contest in which each player takes part

in five events

perquisite : perks; money/facilities given in addition to pay

pommel horse : one of the various types of apparatus used by

the gymnast for physical exercises

portfolio : a record of achievements and positions held

porthole : window-like structure in the side of a ship or

aircraft

rapt : spell-bound; so intent or absorbed

regatta : sporting event of faces held between rowing

boats or yachts

resonant : a sound continuing to echo or vibrate

rink : area of natural or artificial ice for ice skating

runway : prepared surface along which aircraft take off

or land

saga : long story of heroic deeds

schedule : planned programme or event

symphony : long musical composition for a large orchestra

usually in three or four parts

tabloid : a popular newspaper with pages half the size

of regular newspapers

taxiing : aircraft moving along on the ground on its own

power before or after flying

veteran : person with much or long experience

via : by way of; through

vigil : keep watch

Glossary about share market, stocke Exchange

Glossary

stock exchange market : a place where parts of the
ownership of companies are
bought and sold

shot up : rose or climbed high

hit an all-time high : reached a peak that was never
reached before

shares : the equal parts into which
the ownership of a com pany is
divided and which can be bought
by members o f the public

bonds : official papers given by a
company to show that one has
lent them money which will be
paid back at an interest rate that
will not change

bullish : when people think that market
prices will continue to rise, and
hold back the shares

Wall Street : the financial street in New York,
where the US stock market
is situated

bearish : when people think that market
prices will continue to fall, and sell
their shares

Glossary - talking about object apperance

Glossary:

curl : twist/coil
roll : to curl /bend
prevalent : common
drained : water running off or flowing away
organic : natural
compost : manure
shielded : protected
scraps : bits and pieces
pitchfork : long handled fork with two or three long curved
tines for lifting, turning or tossing
aeration tool : tool used to expose circulation of air to purify
weeds : wild plants
sedges : grass-like plants growing on wet ground
havoc : mess /disorder
yield : produce
gnats : insects
peat : brownish deposit of partially decomposed
vegetable matter saturated with water
shovel : spade
prune : clip/trim
biennial : twice a year
galls : an abnormal outgrowth in plant tissue caused
by certain parasitic insects
pathogens : agents that can cause disease

Example english conversation in Museum and glossary

I. Look at the following conversation between a curator and a visitor at the museum:

Visitor : How old is this fossil?

Curator : It is 5000 years old.

Visitor : How do you arrive at its age?

Curator : Well, it’s by a method called carbon dating.

Visitor : What are these tools?

Curator : They belong to the Neanderthal period.

Visitor : What does this box contain?

Curator : It contains a mummy.

Visitor : Whose?

Curator : Mine. (Disappears into thin air)

Glossary

curator : a keeper or custodian of a museum

fossil : the remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded in rock, etc.

carbon dating : the determination of the age of an organic object from the relative proportions of isotopes carbon

12 and carbon-14 that it contains

Neanderthal : an extinct human belonging to ice age Europe
between 12,000 — 35,000 years ago

mummy : (especially in ancient Egypt) a body preserved by embalming and wrapping in bandages

English glossary of computer software and hardware basic

Glossary:

Compatible : staying together harmoniously
access : obtain /retrieve information
integrated : made into a whole
home PC : home Personal Computer
monitor : the unit in a desk computer that contains the
screen
value add : to have an extra and increased effect
peripheral : a disk, printer, modern or screen, concerned
with input/output storage
optical scroller : a mouse with an infra-red light instead of a ball
& socket.
cable : wire/bundle of wires that conduct electricity

synonyms or glossary about fast food world

Glossary:
fast food : food that requires little preparation before being
served

burger : a bread roll served with minced beef/ cheese/
vegetable

pizza : baked dough covered with cheese, tomatoes,
etc.

obesity : being excessively fat

arteries : vessels that convey oxygenated blood from the
heart to other parts of the body

calories : energy value of food

salmonella : kind of bacterium causing food poisoning

listeria : rod-like bacterium causing a serious form of
food poisoning

genetically : alteration of cells of animal proteins or plants
modified foods

automobile glossary in English

Glossary:

wok : a large metal Chinese cooking pot having a
curved base like a bowl and with a wooden
handle

immerse : dip

shock : a sudden and violent jarring blow or impact
caused by electricity

unattended : left without care

disassembling : removing/ disbanding

heat resistant : protected from excessive heat

comply : fulfill

malfunctioning : not working properly

components : mechanical parts

tampering : interfering/ meddling

warranty : service contract

non stick : coated with a substance that prevents food from
sticking to them

dice : cut up/chop

blot : to soak up excess oil by using blotting paper or
some other absorbent material

simmer : to cook (food) gently at or just below the boiling
point

splattering : splashing of small drops of liquid.

smear : spread

ingredients : a component of a mixture, compound in
cooking

braising : the process of cooking (meat, vegetables, etc.,)

by lightly browning in fat and then cooking
slowly in a closed pan with a small amount of
liquid

condensation : changing from gas to liquid

hot plate : an electrically heated plate on a cooker

cord : string / cable

EMI : Equated Monthly Instalment (a scheme where
money is paid in parts)

English glossary - flower chemical process

Glossary

hybrid : cross breed
genetic : hereditary
succulent : juicy
hedging : fencing
bloom : become a flower
fragrant : scented
foliage : plant life/ shrubbery
insulation : padding/filling
styrofoam : a light expanded polystyrene plastic
Caulk : to stop cracks with a filler
floribunda : a species of rose
shrub : a woody plant, smaller than a tree
aesthetic : relating to pure beauty
integrate : put together
diversity : variety
antiquity : the quality of being ancient/ old
amateur : a person who engages in an activity/ sport as a
pastime rather than professionally or for gain
resistance : capacity to withstand something
rust : a plant disease that causes reddish brown spots
susceptible : at risk/prone
vigorous : full of life
drought : lack of water
premium : in great demand / of high value because of scarcity
spectacular : brilliant
arching : curved like an arch
stance : posture
coarse : rough
tints : shades of colour
propagate : breed

English glossary about malnutrition

Glossary:

scoops : number of helpings by spoon
skimmed milk : milk with the cream removed
disorder : disease
malnourished : under fed
beverage : drink
sallow : sickly
lethargic : tired/lazy
recurrent : repeated/regular
symptoms : signs
expiry date : end date

English glossay about bank - transaction

Glossary

pass book : a small book used to officially record the details
of deposits, withdrawals, etc.

depositor : one who puts his money in a bank

account : an arrangement with a bank for deposit and
withdrawal of money

withdrawal : taking money from one’s account

cheque : a printed form to make paymnents from one’s bank
account and/or to withdraw or transfer money

deposit : to put one’s money in a bank

fraudulent : deceptive

English glossary about Diet

Glossary :

grains : small hard seeds of food plants like
wheat, corn, rice

cholesterol : fatty substance found in fluids and
tissues

chronic : constant / never ending

diabetes : high content of sugar in blood

stroke : sudden attack of illness in the brain; can cause
loss of the power to move, speak clearly, etc.

saturated fat : containing high proportion of fatty acids

canned food : processed and preserved food in cans

cooked cereal : cooked rice/wheat

serving : a portion or helping of food or drink

leafy vegetables : lettuce, greens, spinach

nutritive : providing nourishment

specialist doctor - glossary in english

Glossary

obstetrician : one who helps in childbirth

gynaecologist : one who has specialised in treating women

ophthalmologist : eye specialist

neurologist : one who has specialised in the treatment
of the nervous system

anaesthetist : one who has specialised in administering
anaesthetics

dermatologist : a skin specialist

ENT : ear, nose and throat specialist

geriatrician : one who has specialised in the treatment
of old people

gastroenterologist : one who has specialised in the treatment
of the stomach/intestines

nephrologist : one who has specialised in the treatment
of kidneys

English conversation before operation and glossary

The following is a conversation between an anxious patient and a doctor, before an operation:

Patient : Is the surgery a major one?

Doctor : Yes, it is.
Patient : How long will it take?

Doctor : 1 1/2 ? hours

Patient : Will I be given a local or general anaesthetic?

Doctor : General.
Patient : Will there be any after-effects?

Doctor : Except for weakness and a little nausea,
you'll be fine.

Patient : Will it be painful afterwards ?

Doctor : Yes. But don't worry, you' ll be given
pain-killers.

Patient : What will be the cost of the surgery?

Doctor : Rs.75,000/- including post-operative care.

Glossary
local anaesthetic : a drug that causes loss of feeling in one
part of the body

general anaesthetic : a drug that causes unconsciousness

after-effects : effects that follow the primary action of
something

post-operative : relating to the period after surgery

heave : produce or let out

whoop : a loud, excited shout

multi-speciality : comprising many branches of medicine

paediatrics : the branch of medicine concerned with
children and their diseases

trauma : emotional shock; physical injury

orthopaedics : the branch of medicine concerned with
the correction of bone and muscle deformities

cardiac : relating to the heart

post-natal : relating to the period after birth

Glossary about human feeling and symptoms of illness in English

moustache /m@·stA:S/ : hair allowed to grow on the
upper lip

nausea /·nO:sj@/ : feeling of sickness in the
stomach with an impulse to
vomit

obese/@U·bi:s/ : very fat

pain-in-the neck : annoying or troublesome

pessimistic /pesI·mIstIk/ : looking on the gloomy or
dark side of things

pleated /pli:tId/ : a flat double fold in the cloth,
of uniform width and pressed
or stitched together

pneumonia /nju:·m@Unj@/ : illness caused by
inflammation of the
lungs

pro-active /prO:·{ktIv/ : taking an initiative

psychiatric /saIkI·{trIk/ : pertaining to treatment of
mental disorder

puny /·pju:nI/ : small, weak, underdeveloped

rhuematism /·ru:m@tIz@m/ : disease causing pain, stiffness
and inflammation of joints
and muscles

ruddy /·rVdI/ : fresh healthy colour of the
face

scanty /sk{ntI/ : barely sufficient, meagre

scowl /skaUl/ : look angry, irritated or sullen

sculpturing /·skVlptSrIN/ : carving figures in stone

serge /·s@:dZ/ : a strong twilled fabric with
diagonal rib made of wool,
silk or rayon

sluggish /·slVgIS/ : slow moving, not lively,
lethargic

sneer/snI@/ : Laugh or look scornfully to
show contempt

snuffle /snVfl/ : breathe audibly and with
difficulty

socialise /·s@US@laIz / : to adapt / get along with) /
associate with one another in
a group

spiral / spaI@r@l/ : coiled

squint /skwInt/ : look or peer with eyes partly
closed

swarthy /·swO:DI / : dark or dark skinned

sweltering /·swelt@rIN / : (of heat) extreme and
uncomfortable

swirling /·sw@:lIN/ : moving with a twisting motion

tawny /·tO:nI/ : brownish yellow

thrifty /·TrIftI/ : economical

torrential / t@·renSl / : roaring, rushing

torrid /·tQrId/ : intense scorching heat

trekking /trekIN / : journeying especially on foot

turbulent /·t@:bjUl@nt / : full of commotion or wild
disorder

tuxtdo /tVk·si:d@U/ : a man’s tail-less semi-formal
jacket for evening wear

unkempt /Vn·kempt / : looking dishevelled or
neglected

urleashed /Vn·li:St / : set free from control

wallowing /·wQl@UIN / : indulging oneself

whimpering /wImp@rlN/ : making low whining broken
sounds

whining /waInIN/ : making a prolonged high
pitched complaint

wince /wIns / : shrink ur draw back slightly,
usually with a grimace as in
pain

wiry /·waI@rI / : coarse and cu rly (of h air)


wolfish /wUlfIS/ : (here) eating quickly and
greedily like a wolf

wrinkled /·rINkld/ : skin with small folds and lines
mostly due to age.