grammar - when we use conjuctions

Many words are used to connect sentences and those words give the passage the much needed 
emphasis.

Eg. I reached the station.

The train left.

I reached the station but the train had left

The word ‘but’ emphasizes the point that the train had left before I reached the station and also enriches the text.

Similarly...

1. Jenifer has answered the question.

2. Beulah has answered the question.

3. Both are not very clear about the answers.

‘Both’ in sentence 3 emphasizes the fact that Jenifer and Beulah have not answered properly and the word ‘both’ enriches the sentence.

The words ‘but’ and ‘both’ connect the sentences and enrich the meaning.

A few more conjunctions are and, or, because, etc.

Read the following passage and underline the conjunctions:

Malliga, a village girl wanted to get admission in a college in the city. She went to the bank to get a loan. But the manager was not there. She waited for him and met him. He refused to sanction the loan because she had no account in the bank. She immediately went home. But neither her mother nor
her father was at home. Both had left for the fields. She was not only shocked but also disappointed. She decided to go to the bank the next day.

usage of word "Like" in English

'Like' at a verb is used for expressing person's preferences.

a) Like is followed by different structures
Like+ object noun (or pronoun)

Eg -I like Ice cream Chitra likes Unni.

My father likes working for All India Radio.

Like + object + V.ing

a) We don't like anyone suffering because of us

b) I like her singing and playing me piano.

Like + to + verb - (prefer or choose)

a) I like to go to bed early

b) I like to watch TV at night.

Like + object + to + verb

a) The President likes the reporters to get their facts checked

b) The teacher wants his students to revise their lessons before the examinations

I hate / I'm fond of / I'm crazy /I prefer

a) I am very fond of dogs but I hate cats.

b) I am crazy of ice cream and chocolates

c) I prefer coffee to tea in the evenings

how to use the word, always, never, often, sometimew with example exercise

1. Read the following sentences

(a) Her clothes were always dirty.

(b) She was often angry.

c) Sometimes she lay on the floor.

(d) Her parents never scolded her.

2. Ask yourself the following questions. Put a tick (?) under

the right column.

 

3. Now your friend will ask you the same questions.

 

Where to use - should and ought to - word

GRAMMAR FOCUS

A. The modals ‘should’, ‘ought to’ are generally used to denote
obligation and probability.

Obligation

* Giving advice or making a recommendation.

This bulb doesn’t burn; you should/ought to replace it with another.
You’ll be drenched if you go in the rain; you should/ought to
carry an umbrella.

Caution:

We should use ‘should’ or ‘would’ and not ‘ought to’ when we give advice.

e.g. If I were you, I should/would accept that job in Malaysia.

* Probability

I enjoyed the lunch in this restaurant last week, so the dinner also should/ought to be good.


.* Responsibility / Duty

The students should/ought to respect their teachers.

B. The modals ‘must’ and ‘have to’ are used to denote compulsion,\ that is, when it is necessary to do something.

e.g.
1. If you want to be sure of your ticket to Mumbai, you must / have to book in advance.
2. To secure a seat in medicine, you must / have to work
hard throughout the year.

Caution:

A subtle difference between ‘must’ and ‘have to’ need to be understood.
You have to meet the warden (the warden has already called
you).
You must meet the warden (If you want a change of room).

usage of word - Virtue

Read the following statement and try the answers for the
questions given below:

Virtue

Virtue is persecuted by the wicked and it is loved by the good.

a. Who, in your opinion, are ‘the good’ and ‘the wicked’?

b. Why is virtue loved by ‘the good’?

THEME FOCUS

Read the following description and answer the questions:


NAVEL OF THE WORLD

The tiny Easter Island is separated from the rest of the
Polynesian chain by the ocean water. The Island is surrounded by
three volcanoes. Its inhabitants are cut off from the rest of the
world. As it is situated in such a remote place, it is called the
Navel of the world.

The tiny island was first discovered by the English woman
Katherine Routledge in 1914-15. She described the island as ‘the
one where the past is present’…‘the land is still possessed by the
shadows of the departed builders’.

This island is famous for statues. These statues are built of buffcoloured
volcanic stone called moai. About 1000 of such statues have
been found which are 12 to 15 ft tall and weigh about
20 tons. The largest of such statues is 32 ft. tall and weighs 80
tons.

The Europeans did notable researches on these statues.
Because of these researches, many fallen statues were restored to
the original positions. Archaeologists did some careful experiments
and concluded that a 16 ft. long statue could be completed in a
year but by many sculptors.

Questions:

1. Which island is called the ‘Navel of the World’?
2. How is the island described by Katherine?
3. What kind of stone are the statues built of?
4. By whom were the researches done?
5. What was the conclusion of some experiments?

GRAMMAR FOCUS - use of word said and told

GRAMMAR FOCUS
Caution:

Use of ‘said’ and ‘told’: The word ‘said’, is used followed by
‘to + noun or pronoun’ or said alone.

e.g. Henry said (to her) that he wished to study Biotechnology.
But the word ‘told’ is used followed by noun or pronoun. ‘Told’ is
not used without being followed by a noun or pronoun.
There are other reporting verbs that can be used according to the
context. Some of them are announce, promise, command, request,
advise, etc.


Now read the following sets of sentences :

The Principal said, “Tomorrow is the last day for paying the school
fees.”

The Principal announced that the next day was the last day for
paying the school fees.

Arun said to James, “Please lend me five hundred rupees tomorrow.”

Arun requested James to lend him five hundred rupees the next day.

James said, “I’ll certainly get you.”

James promised that he would certainly get him.


TASK 1: Report the following conversation using the reporting
verbs - predict, warn, plead, tell:

Mahesh : I bet Paramesh won’t join us for the tour.
Ahamed: You can’t jump to conclusions.
Mahesh : Please don’t criticise me. I am speaking with evidence.
Ahamed: What evidence do you have? Come on, show me.
Mahesh: His sister’s marriage is held tomorrow. Here is her wedding invitation.
Ahamed: Oh, I see. What a surprise! How could he promise me that he would join us?

TASK 2: Write the sentences above in reported speech.

usage of words - An eye for an eye

An eye for an eye

Gandhiji said that an eye for an eye
makes the whole world go blind.


What does the phrase ‘an eye for an eye’ mean?

THEME FOCUS

Role-play the following dialogue between a Police Inspector
and Reena who witnessed an accident:

Police Inspector : Madam, you say you saw the accident.
Where were you at that time?
Reena : I was on the pavement near the place of the accident.
Police Insepctor : How did the car hit the van?
Reena : The car driver was quite unmindful of the traffic and he didn’t reduce the speed while overtaking the van.
Police Inspector : Was the van driver also driving very fast?
Reena : No, the speed might be less than 20kmph.
Police Inspector : What’s the car number?
Reena : It’s TN 13V 111 White Maruti.
Police Inspector : TN 13 V 111? That’s my car. Good heavens!
How am I going to recover my car!

The above coversation is reported in the following passage
without omitting any point:

The police inspector told Reena that she said she had seen the
accident. He asked her where she was at the time of the accident.
Reena replied that she was on the pavement near the place of the
accident.

Then the Inspector asked Reena how the car hit the van. She
told him that the car driver was quite unmindful of the traffic and
did not reduce the speed while overtaking the van.

The Inspector wanted to know whether the van was being
driven very fast. For this, Reena replied in the negative and said
that the speed of the van might have been less than 20 kmph.

When the Inspector asked for the car number she gave the
number as TN 13 V 111 White Maruti. The inspector was shocked
to hear the number and the make and said that it was his car. He
was desperate and exclaimed how he was going to recover his car.

usage of proverb - Laws grind the poor

WARM UP

Laws grind the poor
Because rich men rule the law.

Which of the following is the implication of the statement?

a) The laws of a state torture the poor people.
b) The rich men exploit the poor with the help of laws.
c) The rich men want to grab power to enact laws.

THEME FOCUS


Write similar sentences on other points using ‘because’.


B. Role play the following dialogue:

X : How do you learn your lessons?
Y : While learning lessons, I always make notes so as to refer to it later.
X : I see, let me do it too.
Y : OK. Why are you going to school so early today?
X : I am going early in order to do the experiment which I missed yesterday.
Y : Let me also join you so that I can refer to the Scienc Encyclopaedia in the library.
X : Let’s go.

GRAMMAR FOCUS

A. In the answers using the points ‘for’ and ‘against’ the dog, the word ‘because’ is used to give a reason for a particular situation. It is also acceptable to use ‘because’ in the
beginning of the sentence.

e.g. 1. Because the moon has a very thin atmosphere it cannot
sustain life.

One of the words ‘as’ and ‘since’ is also used to give a
reason.

e.g. 2. As it was getting dark I started walking towards home.

e.g. 3. Since he is visiting India to get married, he will take his wife with him to US.

Caution:

‘because’ and ‘because of’

e.g. 4. The plane did not take off at the scheduled time because
of bad weather.

In e.g. 1, ‘because’ is a conjuction used along with a subject and
verb. It forms a subordinate clause that is, an adverbial clause of
reason.
But in e.g. 4, ‘because of bad weather’ is only a phrase.

B. ‘So as to-infinitive’ and ‘so that’ are used to show the expected
result of the action mentioned earlier in the sentence.

I always make notes so as to refer to it later.
The italicised part is a phrase.
The same sentence can also be written as -
I always make notes so that I can refer to it later.
The italicised part is a subordinate clause, that is an adverbial
clause of purpose.

‘In order’, to - /(infinitive)’ and ‘ in order that’ are used to
state the purpose of the first action mentioned.

Look at these sentences:

I am going early in order to do the experiment. (Phrase)
I am going early in order that I may do the experiment.
(Adverbial clause of purpose)

TASK 2:Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word from
the following ones:

because, since, in order that, so as to, as
In the hostel lounge

A: ………… it is getting late, let me start, I don’t think Rahim will join me.
B: You know Rahim spoke to me over phone a few minutes ago.
He cannot make it ………… he has met with a minor accident.
A: Oh, really? Why don’t you go and help him?
B: Let me wait here ………….. I meet my mother who is visiting me today.
A: I will rush to the spot …………. help him …………… you can attend the first period.
B: O, sure I will inform your classmaster.
A: OK. See you.

ACTIVITY:


After filling in correctly, role-play the dialogue.

Truth always triumphs - usage of adverbs

TALKING ABOUT THE FREQUENCY OF AN ACTIVITY / EVENT ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

WARM UP

Truth always triumphs

Where do you find this slogan?

Choose the correct meaning of this slogan from those given below:

1. Mostly truth wins.
2. Truth often wins.
3. Truth is never defeated.

THEME FOCUS

A. Read the following dialogue silently. Then role-play it.

A: Hari, what time do you get up?
B: I normally get up at 6 o’ clock but sometimes I have to be up by five.
A: Do you practise pranayama in the morning?
B: Of course, I do.
A: How often do you practise in a week?
B: I practise it everyday because that gives me the energy for the day. How often do you do?
A: I never do it. I must learn how to do it. Will you teach me?
B: Oh, sure.

B. Talking about the frequency of an activity / event.

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Adverbs of indefinite frequency say in an indefinite way how often something happens.


e.g. I regularly do pranayama.

Adverbs of indefinite frequency are: usually, normally, regularly, occasionally, never, often, always, seldom, etc.

Adverbs of definite frequency are those that say definitely as to how often something happens.

e.g. Our family attends mass in the church every week.

There’s another class of adverbs called degree adverbs. In the questionnaire in B we use the adverbs never, rarely, sometimes, often and always for assessing the degree of frequency, if required, by assigning values to them in terms of numbers, (as given above) for some research purposes.

Another class of degree adverbs are very, too, extremely, quite, etc., which can be used before adjectives, verbs or other adverbs.

e.g. 1. The students are sad to hear about the fire accident in a school.

How sad are they?
They are extremely sad.

e.g. 2. Geetha will get a state rank in the public exam.
Are you sure?
I am quite sure.

TASK 1: Here is a family of three, the officer, his wife and his daughter. A representative from the Star Movies Channel, who is taking a survey, interviews the officer on a Sunday. The officer is at home in the evening only on Sundays and Wednesdays but he never likes movies. His daughter, who usually comes home early, is very fond of watching films on Star Movies; so is
his wife. But she watches this channel whenever she gets time.

Taking clues from the above description, fill in the blanks:

Representative : Could you tell me whether you watch TV, Sir?
Officer : Yes, I do.
Representative : How often do you watch in a week?
Officer : ……………………………(twice a week)
Representative : How about your daughter?
Officer : ……………………………(everyday)
Representative : Which channel does she like?
Officer : She likes Star Movies.
Representative : How do you know?
Officer : …………………………… (always)
Representative : Do you watch Star Movies too?
Officer : ……………………………(never)
Representative : Does your wife watch Star Movies?
Officer : Of course, she does.
Representative : How often does she watch?
Officer : …………………………… (quite often)

ACTIVITY

After checking your answers, role-play the above dialogue.

Asking others to do something in English - "you have to" or "should I"

ASKING IF/SAYING ONE IS OBLIGED TO
DO SOMETHING

WARM UP

“You have to leave your footwear outside.”
Where have you seen this kind of instruction?
Why is it necessary to follow this instruction?

LET’S ROLE PLAY

1.Arundathi : My son in Delhi has written to me asking me
to go over there next Monday.
Bhagyam : What for?
Arundathi : It seems he has to attend a training programme
at Kolkatta. Do I need to go?
Bhagyam : Yes, I think you ought to go. His family needs
some elderly person to be with them.
Arundathi : In that case let me tell my husband to book a
train ticket for me to Delhi.
Bhagyam : It’s better if he books today itself.
Arundathi : Yes, that’s a good idea.

2. In a Transport Company, the manager has received a court
warrant for deposing before the magistrate about a bus
accident.

Transport Inspector : Sir, did you see the warrant from the
magistrate court?
Manager : Yes, but I didn’t see the details.
Transport Inspector : You know, Sir. One of our buses plying
to Trichy was involved in an accident a
fortnight ago.
Manager : Oh! I see. Are we required to be present
in the court?
Transport Inspector : I think we are under an obligation to
depose before the magistrate.
Manager : Who will do it, you or me, Sir?
Transport Inspector : One of us can represent our company. I
myself will attend because I know all
the details of the case very well.
Manager : OK. Thank you.

FOCUS ON COMMUNICATION

Asking if one is obliged to do something

Informal & Neutral

Have I got to ……?
I haven’t got to ..Have I?
Must/should I ……..?

Formal

Are we under any ...obligation to
Are we / Aren’t we obliged to/ required to ……?
Is the onus upon me ?

Saying one is obliged to do something

Informal & Neutral

I think you have to.......
I’m afraid you’ll have to …..
I’m afraid you should/ought to.
I think you are expected to …
I’m afraid you can’t avoid ….

Formal

I think you are under an obligation to ….
I think it is compulsory/ obligatory.
I think the onus is upon us.

English word related to occupation - questions and roleplay to improve english

Task 1: The following are words pertaining to occupations:

Job - regularly paid position, post or occupation
Profession - a paid occupation that requires advanced education
and training

Career - profession or occupation with opportunities for
advancement or promotions

Task 2: Role Play

1. Gather information on the following occupations.
2. Imagine you are working in one of these and address the class
about yourself and your job. You may use some of the words/
phrases underlined in the reading passage with reference to

a) the hours of work
b) the responsibilities of the work
c) the promotion / growth opportunities
d) the retirement benefits
e) perquisites

1. Radiographer 2. Front Office Executive
3. Security Officer 4. Telephone Operator
5. Nursing Staff 6. Admiral
7. Copy-writer 8. Chemist
9. Physician 10. Ecologist
11. Free-lancer 12. Technician

Task 3: Put the following questions to a neighbour, a family friend,
your parents and your teacher and record their responses.
The meaning of the words / phrases have been given in
brackets for your benefit:

1. What is your occupation?
2. Do you have job satisfaction in your work place (A feeling that
your job is worth doing and refreshes you)?
3. Do you get regular salary increments (increase in pay)?
4. Does you job require you to work hard or to get better qualified
academically to keep you climbing the ladder (to get promotions)?
5. Would you reach a glass ceiling in this post (reach a level where
you cannot get further promotion even if you deserve it)?
6. What is your holiday entitlement (number of days you have a
right to take leave)?
Discuss the findings in the class.

DIfference between the word complete & finished

Do you know the difference between

 COMPLETE & FINISHED ?

 Some People think there is no difference between "COMPLETE" & "FINISHED"........

 What do you think ??

 Now read the clever version.

 When you marry the right one, you are "COMPLETE"....

 And when you marry the wrong one, you are "FINISHED".....

 And when the right one catches you with the wrong one, you are...
 *COMPLETELY FINISHED *

Explaining the scenrio - giving reason in English - Example usage of "reason, explain"

GIVING REASONS

WARM UP

The quality of life of a villager in India is far inferior to that of
a villager in the West because the people in India do not receive
good education.
Do you agree with the reason for the poor quality of life in
India?

LET’S ROLE PLAY

Formal

The principal has called Rahim into his chamber to talk to
him about an offer of scholarship to study in Malaysia.

Principal : Don’t you think the scholarship is a great boon
you’ve got. Why do you decline this offer?

Rahim : I do realise the value of the scholarship, sir. But if I
could explain, my mother doesn’t want me to go
overseas.
Principal : Why?
Rahim : You know, Sir. I am a fatherless boy and I’m the only
son at home. My mother living alone for three years
in my absence! She cannot even think of it.
Principal : Nobody to take care of her?
Rahim : My uncle, my mother’s brother, is already in Dubai.
Principal : Oh, I see. Then you are justified.

Informal

Leela and Brinda are friends staying in a college hostel.

Leela : Hi! Good morning! Where were you all the while?
Brinda : I’m very much here.
Leela : But I couldn’t see you at breakfast.
Brinda : Well, I woke up early this morning so that I could go
for a long walk.
Leela : Didn’t you have your breakfast?
Brinda : I did. I was the last person to come out of the dining
hall.


FOCUS ON COMMUNICATION

The expressions that can be used for giving reasons effectively
are as follows:

Formal Situations

If I could explain ………….
The main reason is that ……………
I believe he’s fully justified in supporting ………..

Informal Situations

The simple reason is that ………..
The point is ………..
Your father has a point in asking you …………
Well, the thing is ………….


ORAL PRACTICE

A telephone conversation between a father and his son who
is in the hostel.

Father : Hello, Shyam! How are you?
Shyam : I’m fine, Dad. How’s everyone at home?
Father : All are fine. Have you received the DD I sent?
Shyam : I just got it, it’s for Rs. 500/-, Dad.
But I’m afraid I may need another Rs. 500 /-
Father : What? Another Rs. 500 /-? What for?
Shyam : Well, Dad the thing is that the last month mess bill has
gone up to Rs. 850 /-
Father : Has it? OK then. I’ll send a DD for another Rs. 500 /
- in a day or two.
Shyam : Thank you Daddy.
Father : Take care of your health.
Shyam : Yes, Daddy, bye.
Father : See you, bye.


TASK: Choose the appropriate expression to fill in each blank
from the two given in brackets.

Most of the students taking entrance test for medicine want to
become doctors …………… (because / so that) they can earn a
lot of money. The expenditure involved for completing the course
………….. (justifies / satisfies) their motive to earn money.
But 90 % of the doctors want to work only in towns and cities
………….. (because / so that) medical ethics is not imbibed in
them. The ………….. (idea / point) here is that neither the college
nor the parents give importance to ethics.


ACTIVITY


Pair work: Fill in the blanks in the following dialogues with
appropriate expressions and then role-play them.

1. Raghu : Hari! I didn’t see you in the class yesterday.
You didn’t come to the assembly either.
Where were you?
Hari : I didn’t come to school yesterday………………….
that I was down with viral fever.

2. Ramya : Why do you look dull?
Sowmya : My father has bought me a Scooty ………………
I have got the first rank in the exam.
Ramya : Oh, That’s good news! You should be happy about
that!
Sowmya: But he allows me to drive only around my colony.
I can’t take it on the highway.
Ramya : Sowmi, your father has a …………………. The
traffic on the highways is heavy now-a-days.
You haven’t got enough experience yet.

informal english - ask someone to repeat

A. Asking someone to say something again

We ask someone to repeat when we can’t hear what the person
says.The expressions are given below:

Informal : What was that?
Sorry.
What did you say?
Sorry I didn’t hear you.

Neutral : I’m sorry, what did you say?
I’m sorry, I couldn’t hear what you said.
Pardon?

Formal : I beg your pardon.
I’m sorry, would you mind repeating the word
(please)?
I’m sorry, could I ask you to repeat the word / sentence
(please)?

B. Asking for help

Informal &
Neutral : Help me, please.
Can you help me?
Would / Could you help me?

Formal : I’m sorry to bother you, but ……..
Would you mind ………………
I wonder if you could …………
I’d be grateful if you could …………..

asking to say something again in telephone conversation example

ASKING SOMEONE TO SAY SOMETHING

AGAIN AND ASKING FOR HELP

WARM UP
‘I beg your pardon’.
Have you heard people using this sentence in conversation?
When do they use it?

LET’S ROLE PLAY

1. Father and Son

Son : I’m sorry to bother you, I need a help daddy.
Father : What help?
Son : I want ss…some…mm money.
Father : What was that?
Son : I said I want some money.
Father : Money? What for?
Son : I’ve lost my friend’s cell phone Daddy.
Father : Your friend’s cell phone? How did it happen?
Son : It was in my shirt pocket, Daddy. While travelling in a
crowded bus, some thief picked it from my pocket. I
have to buy a new one and give it to him.
Father : You’re always careless. How much does it cost?
Son : Only Rs.3000 /-
Father : Go and get it from your mom.
Son : Thank you, Daddy.

2. A Telephone conversation

A: Hello, could I speak to Mr. Raveendran?
B: I’m sorry, would you mind repeating the name, please?
A: I said Raveendran.
B: Oh Raveendran. I’m afraid he is away at the moment.
A: I’d be grateful if you could pass on a message to him. I’m
Livia. The book he wants is in my office with my personal
secretary.
B: I’ve noted down the message. I’ll pass it on to him as soon as
he arrives.
A: Thanks a lot.
B: Welcome.

English word "CAN" in the conversation

1. On the train, while getting down

Gentleman : Can I carry this luggage for you?
Old man : If you’re sure it’s no trouble for you.
Gentleman : Not at all.
Old man : Thanks a lot.

2. Mrs. Sarala is waiting at the station for her husband. Mr.
Giridhar, her office manager is seen there in his car.

Mr. Giri : Can I drive you back home?
Mrs. Sarala : It’s very good of you to offer, Sir. But I’m
expecting my husband.

TASK: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions in
the following dialogues.

1. A teacher finds his principal unable to button his left hand
cuff as he has fractured his right hand. He offers to help him.
Principal : Oh, heavens! My cuff is unbuttoned, I’m unable
to reach it.
Teacher : ……………………………………
Principal : Please help me, it’s …………… Thanks.

2. At the railway station, Vivek finds an elderly man struggling
with a reservation form, unable to read/fill it.
Elderly man : How forgetful I am! I’ve left my reading glasses
at home. What can I do now?
Vivek : Sir, if you don’t mind, ………….. fill up the
form for you?
Elderly man : God bless you, my son; please do.
Vivek : (Fills up the form and hands it over)
Here it is, sir; please take it.
Elderly man : ……….. my son, very ……………… of you.

ACTIVITY
Role-play the above dialogues in pairs.

Learn the word push ahead, push around, push back, push for , push in

The following commands, we'll look into it, the word "push" in combination with particles. Here are some of the most common:

"push ahead" with a plan or arrangement is to continue with it, when there are problems or wish to stop.

* We had a few problems, but we decided to push ahead .

* they are pushing ahead with plans to build a motorway despite protests.


' push around ' means somebody to do something in a rough way to tell.

When I was young I erased my big brother.


don't push me!I got tired of you telling me what to do.



"to push back ' means to postpone the appointment to a later date or time.

It will take hours to get there.Let us push the meeting back to 10.

My surgery was pushed back a month due to a shortage of nurses.



"push for ' means to try to convince someone to give you something.

Assembly line workers always seek for salary increase

the locals are pushing the lower speed limit to make roads safer.



' push in ' means to jump into the queues in front of other people who are already waiting for.

I was very angry when they pushed in and had been serviced before me.

 don't push in. go to the back of the line.

English sentence - How are you and how do you do - when to use

The following two expressions do not mean die same

1. ‘How are you?’ and 2. ‘How do you do?’

1. While speaking to a familiar person, we ask, ‘How are
you?’ and the response will be ‘I am fine’.

2. When a person is introduced to a stranger he/she will say
’How do you do?’ The response is also ‘How do you do?
Other-ways of strangers greeting each other is to say ‘glad’
/’pleased’ /’nice to meet you’.

• When someone is in distress, we say, ‘How sad!’
When someone is sick, we say, ‘Wish you/him speedy
recovery’.

• Between Iriends. saying ‘How are you?’ itself becomes a
form of greeting.

IV. ORAL PRACTICE

Amit : Ramesh, have you met Mr.Praveen?
Praveen, this is Ramesh, my classmate.
Praveen : Pleased to meet you, Ramesh.
Ramesh : Nice to meet you, Praveen.
Shruthi : I’d like you to meet Miss Sarala. She’s a teacher
at Vidya Nikethan.
Vimala : Pleased to meet you. My name is Vimala.
Sarala : It’s niceiomeet you.
Akhil : Let me introduce my friend Kumar to you
Kumar, meet Mr. Sekar, my business partner.
Kumar : How do you do?
Sekar : How do you do?
Rajni : Have you met Balu before?
Mohamed : I don’t think I have met him.
Rajni : Balu, this is Mohammed, my colleague.
Balu : Pleased to meet you.
Mohammed : Pleased to meet you.

TASK 1: You and your brother meet Mr. Shankar, your father’s
colleague, and his wife while shopping. You introduce
Mr.Shankar to your brother and, he introduces his wife
to you. Write a conversation for this situation and
practise it.

TASK 2: With the help of your teacher identify the functions
dealt with in this unit and write dialogues for each
function. Classify them as formal, informal and
neutral.

Movies - Interactive Practice

Listen All | Person A | Person B

A: I hear Batman is supposed to be good. Do you want to go see it tomorrow?
B: I have to eat dinner with my family tomorrow.
A:We can watch the late show. I think it starts at nine forty five.
B: That would be great.
A: What time can you be at the theatre by?
B: I can be there by 9:15.
A: Ok. I'll meet you there.

2 Listen All | Person A | Person B
A: What are you doing tomorrow?
B: Nothing really.
A: Let's watch a movie or something.
B: What's on these days?
A: I think they're playing Lord of the Rings
B: That sounds pretty good. Let's watch that.
A: Where should we meet?
B: How about at the subway entrance.
A: Aright. I'll meet you there at one o'clock.

3 Listen All | Person A | Person B
A: Hey Steve, what are you doing these days?
B: Just working. The same as usual.
A: Have you seen Shiri?
B: No. I haven't seen that yet.
A: Let's go watch it tomorrow. It's a weekend and you should take a break.
B: Well, to think of it, that sounds great.
A: I'll give you a call tomorrow about noon and let you know the time.
B: Ok. I'll see you tomorrow.
A: See you.

4 Listen All | Person A | Person B
A: What should we do this Saturday?
B: Rocky six is suppose to come out this Friday.
A: Yeah, but I don't know if it is going to be any good.
B: The only reason I want to see it is because I have seen the previous five.
A: True. Ok. Let's see it this Saturday.
B: How about we hook up for lunch at 12:00, and then go see the movie afterwards.
A: Sounds like a plan. Let's meet in front of Tower Records at 12:00.

Movies - Example Conversation

Let's look at a couple of example conversations before going to the practice section.

Person A: Hey John, I'm going to see The Matrix with Peter and Brad. Do you wanna come?
Person B: When are you guys going?
Person A:We're going to see the eight O'clock showing.
Person B: That would be perfect. Where are you guys meeting?
Person A:We're meeting at the theatre at seven thirty.
Person B: Great. I'll meet you guys there.

Person A: Hey Jill.
Person B: What's up Mike?
Person A:I was wondering if you have any plans for tomorrow night.
Person B: Umm... I don't think I have anything special for tomorrow. Why?
Person A: Do you want to see The Titanic with me?
Person B: I wanted to see that. Yeah. Let's go.
Person A: What time is good for you?
Person B: How about seven thirty.
Person A: Sure. I'll meet you at the theatre at seven.